The above operations were generally delegated to a person most recently hired, provided little training and 
supervision, and assigned to a night clean-up crew.  Piping was limited to 10 feet maximum length (for 
inspectability) and was assembled with paper gaskets. Fittings included short nipples, tees, elbows and plug 
valves. Tanks were limited to eight feet diameter as the height an average person could reach to scrub with an 
18 inch brush. 

The conversion of the above piping to be "cleaned in place" during the early period of CIP would include: 

• Installation of a CIPS line from the CIP System to the origin of the Fill line
• Daily removal and manual cleaning of the final connections from the headers to the Tank outlet valves.
• Disassembly, manual cleaning, rinsing and reassembly of the plug valves before CIP of the circuit.
• Installation of a CIPR line from the termination of the Empty line to the CIP System.
• Conversion of all connections to CIP type or to use CIP Conversion gaskets.